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13.2 - German sensitivities after reunification - a survey
Default themes / issues:
-What are the Germans in East and West to the union today? How successful is she?
first Text on the current state
second Background: Where do the different opinions?
· A) Economic materials:
o Ingrid Matthäus - Maier: 19/01/1990 (utterance)
§ Printing with settlers from the current DDR requires the opening up future prospects for East German
§ Gradual reforms are too slow -> monetary policy possible solution
§ Conclusion: ECONOMICALLY : Approximation of wealth is to stop necessary to emigration (Otherwise, where are the specialists and human potential), to save costs incurred by the immigrants of the GDR citizens
§ Monetary Union psychologists signal of hope, process The agreement on everyday level for all to see (then they calm down first again)
§ -> Victims are required if a harmonious merging is desired Germany
o letter of farming practices on carbon (9.2. 1990)
§ monetary union is false instrument as it creates an illusion of an equal standard of living -> big difference in productivity is West East
§ single currency open shows the differences in the income disregard, while the cheaper shopping in the East -> call for equal pay -> costs money shit is dit -> tax increase
§ Instead of improving the infrastructure of the GDR money unnecessarily consumptive in wage increases and other uses
§ Since the flow is hardly possible, hopes would be disappointed - > After disillusionment is emigration explode
§ Rapid Monetary Union, the GDR economy heavily damaged, as the products do not meet the demand / International competitiveness is not given / Purchasing power flows out of the GDR / companies go under
§ initial joy at higher purchasing power, followed by disillusion, as they would limit purchases of western goods through their own income (they take by their quasi- Psychological own jobs away because they do not support their own enterprises)
§ / political aspect of monetary union is clear, but it must coincide with the economic conditions of the GDR -> therefore better No monetary union
§
o Helmut Kohl government statement on 15.2.1990
§ two-part offer: 1 Monetary Union. 2. Introduction of social market economy in East Germany.
§ monetary union, in fact, extraordinary response to unusual events (historically unique reunion, emigration in our own country, etc.) -> especially economic monetary union nonsense really, but politically a must
§ Kohl is the economic problems of a monetary union aware, would not the political and economic situation would be as precarious as the federal government gradual reforms and adjustments
§ severe crisis in the GDR, however, makes quick reactions needed: step-plans are not sufficient! Economics is important, but now must We get a clear signal of hope (Awesome metaphor) and encouragement to the East Germans send
o Helmut Schmidt (in retrospect) - Seven cardinal error
§ first Underestimation of obvious economic problems in the reunification
§ second Belief in self-construction of the new countries in the wake of the market economy
§ third Upgrading of the East Mark -> Ostunternehmen uncompetitive fourth due to much higher wages despite good products
§ No general revenue sharing, new countries have to "beg" always old -> psychological effect: paralysis
§ 5th THA -> statement here ( http://www.hdg.de/lemo/html/WegeInDieGegenwart/FolgenDerDeutschenEinheit/treuhandanstalt.html ) has extensive powers and financial resources and a massive influence and control over the Ostwirtschaft -> Psychological Effect: picture book capitalists, dependence on the West
§ 6th Scheme assets: Instead of compensation principle was restitution principle of the rule. Here, by unclear successions, new owners, etc. numerous legal problems and conflicts.
§ 7th Explosion in unit labor costs by increasing wages (1170 2090 Mark West to East marks in 1989 to 1992). Responsible associations of employers and unions, as well as federal government (not gradual, but sudden increase in wages leads to loss of jobs -> mass unemployment)
o ; comparison from today's perspective: FAS vs. Paque Paque
: Aufbau Ost is a success
· East Germany until the mid-nineties, although rapid progress made since they no longer get the old federal states a -> discouragement: Stagnation?
· PAQUE KEEPS THE OTHER HAND: Overall economic viewing of GDP distorts the situation negatively. For a long time in the East building industry in the economy is very important (3 times as high proportion of the economy in East and West),
· As the building boom is over -> contraction of the construction sector, expansion in manufacturing from 3.5 to 10 percent -> reindustrialization
· STRUCTURAL CHANGE from a regional market to greater export orientation - is> currently the East much more independent than in the mid-nineties can be seen in
· ; 's declining support from the former West Germany: 90's for about 100 billion 2006 30 billion, this sum results in particular from pensions / social payments, which in turn is (morally) are more likely to recognize the lifetime achievements of the people in GDR times
· HIGH CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES after 40 years of socialism can not be easily compensated for in 20 years Sun Compared to the Czech Republic, before 2 Industrialized world war as France and Austria, today only 30 percent of West Germany -> East: 80 percent are therefore fairly well
· criticism: many of the investments came from West Germany, with East Germany but only "extended workbenches", without departments for research and development, strategic business services -> innovation MISSING
· ; CLAIM: The qualified professionals who have created in the new states may well also be set there in (the West) independent, innovative, powerful companies, and only then can the Ostniveau fully align with the West (which is already partially see, photovoltaic Bitterfeld, optics in Jena, microelectronics Dresden)
Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung: Verpatzte cold start (Gerlinde and Hans-Werner Sinn)
Note: Much numbers game show, I only have the basic results of the text on.
· GDP per head is just to the east at 69 percent of the western level, and only due to high wages of civil servants, weak growth in the West, and migration in East
· standard of living in the East without the support of 72 of the West German standards -> less than Slovenia and just ahead of the Czech Republic; in the long term Eastern European Developing countries set to overtake Germany, however, despite 13 years of head start in the EU - Integration and has € 1.3 trillion construction helps
· East Germany not the new market of Western Europeans used
· money was in social transfers, bloated state sector and consumptive economic infrastructure instead of technological Construction put
· NEW PROVINCES NOT GROW FASTER THAN THE OLD, get this not even a
· stability of Central Europe, solidarity and unity of the nation but worth the price, maybe it would also have gone better
· ECONOMIC TROUBLE: Instead of having free play of prices and wages set by West German competitors wage increases to protect their own jobs (Say: East Germany should not be taken advantage over West Germany)
· JOINT VENTURES: Idea to modernize operations and obtain new technologies to modernize then division = modern East Germany -> BUT NOT BEEN EXECUTED, Treuhandstalt loses 75% of it manages jobs
· East German wages rose / social income in much faster than productivity, remained by wage competition of the state on the labor market well above average wages for the relaxation of collective agreements
· economy may lift wages, wages but not the Economy (compared Ireland, Slovenia). Had the wages increased by degrees, they would now have more and more people are investing in eastern Germany
· migration is desirable ! Why should not workers are unemployed in the West rather than to stay at home, they would then know - How to purchase and then return can go to East
· ; mass unemployment has caused more migration than was the case with gradual wage increases (3.7 million more in Germany, 1.5 million emigration 1991-2008)
· ; Also WEST GERMANY Suffers reunification: Before the turn leading position in the national product of Denmark. In fact, Germany would be able to keep its growth and need to grow faster than the rest of Europe, as East Germany was indeed elevated to the Western European level, instead, the two regions (East / West) now with Italy since 1995 taillight
· present, however, changes in view moderate wage developments, debt policy "-> beginning of the growing phase, but too late
criticism in this text: numbers very diffuse and limited to consideration of the GDP, glossing over the situation in Eastern European countries and Ireland, concealment of the general economic slowdown in Western Germany even before the turn of argument of the emigration is not sufficiently refuted (Why people should if you please once they have acquired in the West knowledge and money to return to this in the meantime then completely ruined East Germany)
· B) views of the population - DDR nostalgia (149-151)
o Stefan Wolle (East German historians involved in Stasi resolution) 2009: East German nostalgia
§ longing for security, old products, loyal caring State
§ are cause neither the media nor the schools nor Ostalgieshows, east product fairs, parties and even East Germany, the Left Party
§ cause is present in the concrete reality of life and after the 1989/90
§ central notion: 1 SAFETY. On the one hand by the Soviet Union, and power organs of the GDR (Stasi)
§ the other hand, as well as social security -> My Computer. In the GDR there was labor obligation, as a massive missed due to the low technological level of the economy and the emigration of workers.
§ second SECURITY: Fixed bindings. For example, between company and worker:
§ rare change of residence and workplace.
learned members of the workforce in service,
delegated to study the operation,
get home from the farm,
children in the care of the operating facilities
holiday in holiday homes from operating
· After the fall of unemployment was massive cuts in life, work was the fulfillment of meaning, Participate in something "big"
· SAFETY: The Collective. On the one hand, abuse by the SED government, on the other hand, even with friends / family / work group support (helped example, it is in painting, moves, etc. Because the plight of the people together Association)
· third WANT: fear of uncertainty.
economic ruin by a planned economy, constant shortage of goods and services. This
certain skills / habits: snakes queuing at check, by delivery times, tips where you could get what from whom exchange.
There were not hungry, but massive deficiencies in quality and choice and continuity of goods
-> After the fall of society lack
disappeared Instead, division of society into winners and losers of reunification.
dark side the market economy appear to have been / mendacity by advertising, meritocracy, merciless struggle on the market -> Psychologists: Unemployment = uselessness
· in East Germany lives of individuals involved in a collective sense of fulfillment, hard work and community involvement have been honored -> Strange mix of repressive state on the one hand, and social coercion Community on the other: fundamental feeling that one is worth something, and to perform a specific task
· value system collapsed after the turn, neither backing of traditional values of civil society or religious aspects -> Double loss of faith leads to DIFFUSE desire for "strong hand", "security group", "ideological sense of fulfillment" - long> despite its obvious shortcomings and dictatorial features of the GDR of the population then back and glorify the GDR as farmers / workers' paradise, which it so never was
o Thomas Krüger (President of the Federal Agency for Civic Education): From the pathos not much left (2008)
§ Different types of DDR transfiguration.
§ similarities: reproduction, defense, or minimization of the ideologies of the GDR
§ first Type : Former officials are trying to distort history (lies of the class enemy (Klaus Blessing, former State Secretary in the Ministry of Mines: there was no economic crisis in the GDR, actually lived in the West beyond their means and debts accumulated in -> Kruger says: This is bullshit, it only because of our freedom of speech)
§ second type : GDR is represented as a monstrance, devilish rogue state in which there was no good / ignore people who despite oppression and dictatorship managed to have something to achieve or dealt with their situation have -> Ignore the international context of their creation, even as the past government, they attack even our liberal-democratic order (Anything link = DDR = BÖÖÖÖSE)
§ third Type: Media trivialization. Man makes jokes about socialism
QUOTE:
"Oh, how it was still funny and downright funny, refresh themselves in the real existing socialism in the benefits of the national front, or a trick to beat the captors."
one hand, it conveys the reality of East German residents at that time that witnesses will not otherwise be difficult to believe -> curiosity is aroused, not only farcical, but also "education" at a very low level.
other hand, often playing down and lack of real depth of the GDR, since the whole is only considered very superficially (psychological aspects, African society, internal split between the residents, etc.)
¨ ; 4th Type: unlinkability comparisons Today the old GDR. example, ensures father about whether he retains his job and says this, that all people in the GDR had a job -> can be left out many aspects and links these two facts, ignoring the situation or even something from the current situation to change!
left-wing populists do not advertise with leftist politics, but use these fears and (absolutely fulminating because unrealistic) feelings and aspirations of East Germans from
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